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As a result of the retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics of 40 MOG antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis (MOGAE) patients based on suspected clinical autoimmune encephalitis patient data in a recently published single-center prospective cohort, cases could be categorized into the following three groups: cortical encephalitis, limbic encephalitis, and ADEM. Considering that brain MRI abnormalities are reported in 45% to 77% of cases and spinal cord MRI abnormalities are reported in 50% of cases, there may be cases without abnormal MRI findings. In particular, ADEM-like patterns with diffuse signal changes in the cortical/subcortical white matter, deep white matter, and deep gray matter as seen on both T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images are representative MRI findings of MOG encephalitis. As imaging findings of diseases related to MOG-IgG, various clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns of different diseases, such as optic neuritis, myelitis, encephalitis, ADEM, and brainstem/cerebral cortical encephalitis, may appear alone or in combination. There are several studies on the clinical features and imaging findings of MOGAD. However, due to differences in histopathology and inflammatory CNS lesions between AQP4-immunoglobulin G (IgG)–positive and MOG-IgG–positive patients, MOG-IgG disease (MOGAD) is believed to be a distinct disease entity from NMOSD. MOG antibodies are related to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like perivenous inflammatory demyelination with MOG-dominant myelin loss is a characteristic finding of MOG antibody-associated disease also, CD4 + T-cell–dominant inflammatory cell infiltration was found in immunohistochemically-analyzed biopsied brain tissues. It is also presumed to play an important role in autoimmunity and cell-mediated immune responses and to be associated with autoimmune demyelinating disease. It is an immunogenic molecule with functions related to cytoskeletal stability and immune reaction. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a glycoprotein located on the oligodendrocyte surface that plays an important role in central nervous system (CNS) myelination.